Re sebelisa li-cookies ho ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ba hau.Ka ho tsoela pele ho sheba sebaka sena sa marang-rang, o lumellana le ts'ebeliso ea rona ea li-cookies.Lintlha tse ling.
Polyurethane foam (PU) e atisa ho sebelisoa kahong bakeng sa merero e fapaneng, empa ka ho sutumelletsa ho tsoa ho zero, lisebelisoa tse baballang tikoloho li fumana tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha.Ho ntlafatsa botumo ba bona bo botala ho bohlokoa.
Polyurethane foam ke polima e entsoeng ka likarolo tsa organic monomer tse hokahantsoeng ke urethane.Polyurethane ke thepa e bobebe e nang le moea o phahameng le sebopeho sa lisele tse bulehileng.Polyurethane e hlahisoa ke karabelo ea diisocyanate kapa triisocyanate le polyols 'me e ka fetoloa ka ho kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse ling.
Foam ea polystyrene e ka etsoa ka polyurethane ea boima bo fapaneng, 'me lisebelisoa tse ling le tsona li ka sebelisoa tlhahiso ea eona.Thermoset polyurethane foam ke mofuta o atileng haholo, empa li-polymer tse ling tsa thermoplastic le tsona li teng.Melemo e ka sehloohong ea foam ea thermoset ke ho hanyetsa mollo, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo le ho tšoarella.
Foam ea polyurethane e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea kaho ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e sa cheng, e bobebe le e thibelang mollo.E sebelisoa ho etsa likarolo tsa moaho tse matla empa e le tse bobebe mme e ka ntlafatsa boleng ba meaho.
Mefuta e mengata ea thepa ea ka tlung le k'hapete e na le polyurethane ka lebaka la ho feto-fetoha ha eona, ho sebetsa hantle ha eona le ho tšoarella nako e telele.Melao ea EPA e hloka hore thepa e phekolehe ka botlalo ho emisa karabelo ea pele le ho qoba mathata a chefo.Ntle le moo, foam ea polyurethane e ka ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa mollo oa libethe le thepa ea ka tlung.
Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) ke sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa ho kenya letsoho se ntlafatsang matla a moaho le boiketlo ba batho ba lulang ho sona.Ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsena ho fokotsa mocheso oa likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba moea o kahare.
Likhomaretsi tse thehiloeng ho PU li boetse li sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lihlahisoa tsa lehong tse kang MDF, OSB le chipboard.Ho feto-fetoha ha PU ho bolela hore e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa merero e sa tšoaneng e kang ho koala molumo le ho roala ho hanyetsa, ho hanyetsa mocheso o feteletseng, ho hanyetsa hlobo, ho hanyetsa botsofali, joalo-joalo Boitsebiso bona bo na le tšebeliso e ngata indastering ea kaho.
Le hoja foam ea polyurethane e le molemo haholo 'me e sebelisoa likarolong tse ngata tsa mohaho oa mohaho, e na le mathata a itseng.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho tsitsa le ho sebelisoa hape ha thepa ena ho 'nile ha belaelloa haholo,' me lipatlisiso tsa ho rarolla mathata ana li se li atile haholo libukeng.
Ntho e ka sehloohong e fokotsang botsoalle ba tikoloho le ho sebelisoa hape ha thepa ena ke tšebeliso ea li-isocyanate tse chefo haholo nakong ea tlhahiso ea tsona.Mefuta e fapaneng ea li-catalysts le li-surfactants li boetse li sebelisoa ho hlahisa foam ea polyurethane e nang le thepa e fapaneng.
Ho hakanngoa hore hoo e ka bang 30% ea foam eohle ea polyurethane e tsosolositsoeng e fella moo ho qhalloang mobu, e leng se bakang bothata bo boholo ba tikoloho bakeng sa indasteri ea kaho hobane thepa ha e khone ho senyeha habonolo.Hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea foam ea polyurethane e sebelisoa hape.
Ho sa na le ho hongata ho lokelang ho ntlafatsoa libakeng tsena, 'me ho fihlela sena, liphuputso tse ngata li hlahlobile mekhoa e mecha ea ho tsosolosa le ho sebelisa foam ea polyurethane le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa polyurethane.Mekhoa ea ho tsosolosa ea 'mele, ea lik'hemik'hale le ea baeloji hangata e sebelisoa ho khutlisa foam ea polyurethane bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea boleng.
Leha ho le joalo, hajoale ha ho na mekhoa ea ho e sebelisa hape e fanang ka sehlahisoa sa boleng bo holimo, se ka sebelisoang hape le se tsitsitseng.Pele ho tsosolosoa ha foam ea polyurethane ho ka nkoa e le khetho e sebetsang bakeng sa indasteri ea kaho le ea thepa ea ka tlung, litšitiso tse kang litšenyehelo, tlhahiso e tlaase le khaello e matla ea lisebelisoa tsa ho tsosolosa li tlameha ho rarolloa.
Pampiri, e hatisitsoeng ka Pulungoana 2022, e hlahloba mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea thepa ea bohlokoa ea moaho.Boithuto bona, bo entsoeng ke bo-ramahlale ba Univesithing ea Liege e Belgium, bo hatisitsoe koranteng ea Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
Mokhoa ona o mocha o kenyelletsa ho nkela li-isocyanate tse chefo haholo le tse sebetsang sebakeng sa tsona sebaka ka thepa e baballang tikoloho.Carbon dioxide, e leng k’hemik’hale e ’ngoe e kotsi tikolohong, e sebelisoa e le ntho e tala mokhoeng ona o mocha oa ho hlahisa foam e tala ea polyurethane.
Ts'ebetso ena ea ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea tikoloho e sebelisa metsi ho etsa ntho e phophomang, e etsisang theknoloji e phophomang e sebelisoang ho sebetsa foam ea setso ea polyurethane le ho qoba ka katleho ts'ebeliso ea li-isocyanate tse kotsi tikolohong.Sephetho ke foam e tala ea polyurethane eo bangoli ba e bitsang "NIPU."
Ntle le metsi, ts'ebetso ena e sebelisa catalyst ho fetola cyclic carbonate, e leng mokhoa o motala ho li-isocyanate, ho ba carbon dioxide ho hloekisa substrate.Ka nako e ts'oanang, foam e thatafala ka ho itšoara ka li-amine ka lintho tse bonahalang.
Ts'ebetso e ncha e bonts'itsoeng pampiring e lumella tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tse tiileng tsa polyurethane tse tlase tse nang le pore e tloaelehileng.Phetoho ea lik'hemik'hale ea litšila tsa carbon dioxide e fana ka phihlello e bonolo ho cyclic carbonates bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso.Sephetho ke ketso e habeli: ho thehoa ha moemeli oa foaming le ho thehoa ha matrix a PU.
Sehlopha sa lipatlisiso se thehile theknoloji ea modular e bonolo, e bonolo ho e kenya ts'ebetsong eo, ha e kopantsoe le sehlahisoa se qalang se fumanehang habonolo le se theko e tlaase, se hlahisang moloko o mocha oa foam e tala ea polyurethane bakeng sa indasteri ea kaho.Ka hona sena se tla matlafatsa matsapa a indasteri a ho fihlella mesi e se nang letho.
Le hoja ho se na mokhoa o le mong oa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetsong indastering ea kaho, lipatlisiso li tsoela pele ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho rarolla bothata bona ba bohlokoa ba tikoloho.
Mekhoa e mecha, e kang thekenoloji e ncha e tsoang sehlopheng sa Univesithi ea Liege, e tla thusa haholo ho ntlafatsa botsoalle ba tikoloho le ho tsosolosoa ha foam ea polyurethane.Ho bohlokoa ho nkela sebaka sa lik'hemik'hale tse chefo haholo tse sebelisoang ha ho sebelisoa hape le ho ntlafatsa ho senyeha ha foam ea polyurethane.
Haeba indasteri ea kaho e tla fihlela boitlamo ba eona ba khase e sa hlokeng letho ho ipapisitse le lipehelo tsa machaba tsa ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea batho ho phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le lefats'e la tlhaho, mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa ho potoloha e tlameha ho ba sepheo sa lipatlisiso tse ncha.Ho hlakile hore mokhoa oa "khoebo joalo ka tloaelo" ha o sa khonahala.
Univesithi ea Liège (2022) Ho nts'etsapele liforomo tsa polyurethane tse tšoarellang le tse ka sebelisoang hape [Online] phys.org.e amohelehang:
Ho aha ka Khemistri (webosaete) Polyurethanes ka Kaho [inthaneteng] Buildingwithchemistry.org.e amohelehang:
Gadhav, RV et al (2019) Mekhoa ea ho tsosolosa le ho lahla litšila tsa polyurethane: tlhahlobo ea Open Journal ea Polymer Chemistry, 9 maq. 39-51 [Online] scirp.org.e amohelehang:
Boitlhotlhollo: Maikutlo a hlahisitsoeng mona ke a sengoli ka boemo ba hae, 'me ha a hlile ha a bontše maikutlo a AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork, mong'a sebaka sena sa marang-rang.Boitlhotlhollo bona ke karolo ea lipehelo le maemo a ts'ebeliso ea sebaka sena sa marang-rang.
Reg Davey ke sengoli le mohlophisi ea ikemetseng ea lulang Nottingham, UK.Ho ngolla AZoNetwork ho emela lintho tse ngata tse khahlang le libaka tseo a ’nileng a li thahasella le ho ameha ho tsona ho theosa le lilemo, ho kenyeletsoa microbiology, saense ea biomedical le saense ea tikoloho.
David, Reginald (23 May 2023).Polyurethane foam e na le botsoalle hakae tikolohong?AZoBuild.E tsositsoe ka la 22 Pulungoana 2023, ho tsoa ho https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.
David, Reginald: “Polelo ea polyurethane foam e na le botsoalle hakae tikolohong?”AZoBuild.La 22 Pulungoana 2023
David, Reginald: “Polelo ea polyurethane foam e na le botsoalle hakae tikolohong?”AZoBuild.https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.(E fumaneha ka la 22 Pulungoana 2023).
David, Reginald, 2023.AZoBuild, e fihletsoe ka la 22 Pulungoana 2023, https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8610.
Puisanong ena, Muriel Gubar, mookameli oa karolo ea lefats'e ea lisebelisoa tsa kaho Malvern Panalytical, o buisana ka mathata a ts'ebetso ea indasteri ea samente le AzoBuild.
Letsatsi lena la Machaba la Basali, AZoBuild e bile le thabo ea ho bua le Dr. Silke Langenberg oa ETH Zurich ka mosebetsi oa hae o tsotehang le lipatlisiso.
AZoBuild e bua le Stephen Ford, motsamaisi oa Suscons le mothehi oa Street2Meet, mabapi le matsapa ao a a okametseng ho theha matlo a bolulo a matla, a tšoarellang le a sireletsehileng bakeng sa ba hlokang.
Sengoliloeng sena se tla fana ka kakaretso ea thepa ea moaho ea bioengineered le ho tšohla lisebelisoa, lihlahisoa le merero e tla khonahala ka lebaka la lipatlisiso lefapheng lena.
Ha tlhoko ea ho tlosa carbonize tikolohong e ahiloeng le ho aha meaho e sa nkeng khabone e ntse e eketseha, phokotso ea khabone e ba ea bohlokoa.
AZoBuild e buile le Liprofesa Noguchi le Maruyama mabapi le lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea bona ka konkreite ea calcium carbonate (CCC), thepa e ncha e ka tsosang phetoho e tsitsitseng indastering ea kaho.
AZoBuild le tšebelisano ea meralo ea meralo ea Lacol ba buisana ka morero oa bona oa tšebelisano oa matlo La Borda o Barcelona, Spain.Morero o ile oa thathamisoa bakeng sa Moputso oa 2022 oa EU bakeng sa Meaho ea Sejoale-joale - Moputso oa Mies van der Rohe.
AZoBuild e buisana ka morero oa eona oa matlo a sechaba a 85 le motho ea qetellang ka Moputso oa EU Mies van der Rohe Peris+Toral Arquitectes.
Ha 2022 e se e le haufi, thabo e ntse e eketseha ka mor'a hore ho phatlalatsoe lethathamo le lekhutšoaane la lifeme tsa meralo tse khethetsoeng Moputso oa European Union bakeng sa Contemporary Architecture - Moputso oa Mies van der Rohe.
Nako ea poso: Nov-22-2023
